Methamphetamine Addiction
Methamphetamine comes in many forms and can be smoked, snorted, orally ingested, or injected. The drug alters moods in different ways, depending on how it is taken. Immediately after smoking the drug or injecting it, the user experiences an intense rush or ‘flash’ that lasts only a few minutes. Snorting or oral ingestion produces euphoria -- a high but not an intense rush. As with similar stimulants, methamphetamine most often is used in a ‘binge and crash’ pattern. Because tolerance for methamphetamine occurs within minutes -- meaning that the pleasurable effects disappear even before the drug concentration in the blood falls significantly -- users try to maintain the high by binging on the drug.
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With most drugs there are short term effect, long term effects and
addiction side effects which would actually be long term effects resulting from abusive use of
illegal drugs and
addiction to
prescription drugs that can occur even at what is commonly considered ‘safe’ levels. Anti-depressants are a case in point.
Many of these legal medications have serious side effects including increased violent behavior as well as suicidal ideation when taken at prescribed levels, especially in youth.
Add in the fact that many of these drugs are taken at abusive non-prescribed levels as well as mixed with other
prescription drugs and illegal street drugs. With the current trends in
abuse and addiction inpatient medically supervised withdrawal is vital in most cases of addiction treatment.
With regular heroin use, tolerance develops. This means the abuser must use more heroin to achieve the same intensity or effect. As higher doses are used over time, physical dependence and
addiction develop. With physical dependence, the body has adapted to the presence of the drug and withdrawal symptoms may occur if use is reduced or stopped. Withdrawal, which in regular abusers may occur as early as a few hours after the last administration, produces drug craving, restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps (‘old turkey’), kicking movements (‘kicking the habit’), and other symptoms. Major withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after the last dose and subside after about a week. Sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who are in poor health is occasionally fatal, although heroin withdrawal is considered much less dangerous than alcohol or barbiturate withdrawal.
The word cocaine includes the drug in its common powder form (cocaine) and a crystal form (crack).
Tolerance to cocaine quickly develops with higher doses are more frequent use.
Compulsive cocaine use develops much more rapidly when the substance is smoked rather than snorted. Prolonged daily use causes sleep deprivation and loss of appetite. The user can experience psychotic episodes and hallucinations.
Coming down from cocaine or crack causes depression so severe that the individual will do anything to get more.
It can get so severe as to cause suicide. Cocaine
addiction will always end in one of three ways – jail, death, or sobriety.
Prescription drug
addiction generally occurs with those medications which suppress pain of a physical or emotional nature.
Painkillers suppress physical pain and many are taken at levels exceeding recommended dosages and tolerance builds up fast,
abuse then continues in an attempt to handle the pain, or just out of fear of future pain.
Medications such as anti-depressants are designed to suppress various forms of mental stress or duress.
Abuse of these is similar to painkillers in that dosages are exceeded and tolerance builds leading to more and more of the drug needed in an attempt to maintain emotional balance.
Prescription drug
addiction in both these cases results from trying to mask the symptoms rather than treating and resolving the underlying causes of the physical or emotional pain.
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